Antibiotics
Animals can get ill by various microorganisms. For example, by viruses, fungi, parasites and pathogenic bacteria. As soon as pathogens entry the body, the body's defense mechanism goes into operation. This mechanism ensures that the animal feels well soon and get healthy again. Sometimes it is necessary to help the body to control the pathogens, in case of bacteria this control can be done with antibiotics. Antibiotics are prescribed by the veterinarian.
In particular, the risk of developing resistance can have major consequences. Not only for the animal itself, but also for other animals, the environment and humans. Therefore, careful, selective and restrictive prescribing and correct application is necessary.
In particular, the risk of developing resistance can have major consequences. Not only for the animal itself, but also for other animals, the environment and humans. Therefore, careful, selective and restrictive prescribing and correct application is necessary.
Classification
For the classification of antibiotics as a narrow-or wide spectrum for the formularies main focus is on the antibacterial efficacy of a particular antibiotic against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, or both. It is striking to note that the definition of narrow-or broad-spectrum antibiotics is somewhat arbitrary and interpreted differently in the literature. The most common definitions make a distinction between efficacy mainly focused solely on specific bacterial species (narrow spectrum) or against a wide range of organisms. This can vary in efficacy against:
Only funds that are classified as narrow-spectrum are the formularies are indicated as first generations. Given the concern about a possible contribution of antibiotic use in animals, it is not only important whether a particular antibiotic works against, for example, streptococci and staphylococci and not against enterobacteriaceae. Also an effect on zoonotic (food) pathogens (eg Salmonella, Campylobacter, or MRSA) plays a role, and it is taken into account.
- Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;
- Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria;
- including Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, Rickettsiae etc.
Only funds that are classified as narrow-spectrum are the formularies are indicated as first generations. Given the concern about a possible contribution of antibiotic use in animals, it is not only important whether a particular antibiotic works against, for example, streptococci and staphylococci and not against enterobacteriaceae. Also an effect on zoonotic (food) pathogens (eg Salmonella, Campylobacter, or MRSA) plays a role, and it is taken into account.
History
Alexander Fleming discovered in 1928 that the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum secretes a natural substance that kills bacteria. This material in the pure form, became known as penicillin. The discovery has saved many lives because bacteria that make sick people and animals were slain. Penicillin
Since the discovery of penicillin is the search for substances that inhibit started. Kill bacteria or growth Sulfanilamide was discovered around 1935, a chemical that certain bacteria fights well. This natural substance was not called a chemotherapeutic agent. Altogether, there are about 6000 different antibiotics known.
Research it became clear that certain bacteria were insensitive or resistant were antimicrobials. With the increasing use of new antibiotics repeatedly shown that bacteria can be used for the operation insensitive. Using antibiotics means that bacteria can be sooner or later. Resistant
Is the action of antibiotics, a new phenomenon? Fungi but also bacteria can make your own antibacterial compounds and weigh bring. Resistance in other bacteria For example, in samples of ice collected in northern Canada more than 2,000 years old found bacteria that were resistant to ampicillin, one of the commonly used antibiotics in the current health care. Immunity and resistance to antibiotics are naturally present.
Since the discovery of penicillin is the search for substances that inhibit started. Kill bacteria or growth Sulfanilamide was discovered around 1935, a chemical that certain bacteria fights well. This natural substance was not called a chemotherapeutic agent. Altogether, there are about 6000 different antibiotics known.
Research it became clear that certain bacteria were insensitive or resistant were antimicrobials. With the increasing use of new antibiotics repeatedly shown that bacteria can be used for the operation insensitive. Using antibiotics means that bacteria can be sooner or later. Resistant
Is the action of antibiotics, a new phenomenon? Fungi but also bacteria can make your own antibacterial compounds and weigh bring. Resistance in other bacteria For example, in samples of ice collected in northern Canada more than 2,000 years old found bacteria that were resistant to ampicillin, one of the commonly used antibiotics in the current health care. Immunity and resistance to antibiotics are naturally present.